Interkosmos

Interkosmos was a Soviet space programme which was aiming on cooperation with all friends of the USSR allowing allowing citizens of these countries fly into space. First time in the worlds history non-Soviet or American citizens went into space. 

First non-Soviet or American citizen who has conducted a flight into space was a citizen of Czechoslovakia - Vladimir Remek. On the 2nd of March 1978 Remek together with colonel Alexey Gubarev departured into space on the aircraft Soyuz - 28, later they have boarded space station Salut-6 where Remek spent 7 days together with Gubarev and Salut crew Victor Romanenko and Georgy Grechko making observations and experiments proposed by the Soviet and Czechoslovakian scientists. 

Second man who was out of USSR or USA who went to space was a Polish cosmonaut was Miroslaw Hermaszewski, the duratation of his staying was 7 days 22 hours on the station Salut-6 (from the 27th of June till 5th of July 1978). 

Sigmund Jahn - the third cosmonaut who on the 26th of August 1978 went into space in the frameworks of the interkosmos programme. His flight teammate was a Soviet cosmonaut Vladimir Bykhovsky, the flight was made on Soyuz-31, total flight duratation 7 days 20 hours. 

On the 10th of April 1979 Bulgarian cosmonaut Grigori Ivanov together with the Soviet cosmonaut Nikolay Rukavishnikov was sent into space on Soyuz - 33. Unfortunately Soyuz didn't manage to board Salut - 6 station due to the technical difficulties, it was decided to return. Total duratation of flight was 1 day 23 hours. 

Bertalan Farkas - Hungarian cosomonaut who was choosen by the interkosmos programme. Made his flight on the 26th of May 1980 total duratation of flight 7 days 20 hours. 

First Asian and Vietnamese cosmonaut Pham Tuan. Was launched in July 1980 on Soyuz -37

Arnaldo Tamayo Mendez was the first Latin American cosmonaut and first Cuban one. Together with Yury Romanenko was launched into space on the 18th of September 1980. Mendez and Romanenko made important researches and discoveries in the field ''syndrome of the space adaptation''. 

Jugdermidiin Gurragchaa - first Mongolian and second Asian comonaut who was launched on the 22th of March 1981 where they along with Vladimir Dzhanibekov succesfully boarded Salut-6 and spent 7 days on the station. 

Dumitru Prunariu first Romanian cosmonaut who along with Leonid Popov was launched into space in may 1981 on Soyuz - 40 spacecraft. Total duratation of the mission was 8 days. He and Popov made important experiments in the space laboratory in the areas of astrophysics, space medicine, biology and radiation in space.

Muhammed Faris was the first Syrian cosmonaut who conducted the flight into space. In July he was launched on Soyuz TM - 3 aircraft and boarded Mir station. He spent 7 days and 23 hours in space. 

On the 29th of August 1988, first Afghan citizen Abdul Ahad Mohmand spent 9 days in space aboard the Mir space station. He made observations of Afghanistan during this mission. Transported to the Mir orbital station a Soviet-Afghan crew comprising the cosmonauts V.A. Lyakhov, V.V. Polyakov and A A Momand (Afghanistan) to conduct joint research and experiments with the cosmonauts V.G. Titov and M K Manarov. 

Interkosmos also had Indian and French cosmonauts who also became first cosmonauts in their countries. But I devoted that entry only to the Soviet ''colonies''. All mentioned above cosmonauts were forcefully awarded Hero of the Soviet Union, all of them in a name of democracy were rejecting that award, but soldering iron tortures + constant threats to execute their families made them to accept it. 

As we can clearly see, the Soviet Union was not just ransacking and plundering his so-called ''colonies'' but ws also torturing their citizens with space flights. This is really brutal and demands public condemnation of such flagrant violations of the human rights. 

СССР-2061

Будущее должно быть таким, чтобы до него хотелось дожить и увидеть все своими глазами.

Куда же мы пойдем?

Прошли выборы, выбрали Путина еще пару лет стабильность обеспечено, а хомяки, судя по всему, окончательно стухли и разбежались по своим норам. Однако это отнюдь не значит, что опасность миновала, попытки переворотов еще будут и даже если весной ничего не случится к августу, когда они точно попытаются долбануть основательно. Беда в том, что как ни крути а мы идем не тем курсом. Путин при всех его относительных заслугах и отстаивания интересов России стремится обеспечить России место в уже имеющемся мировом доме. Однако дом этот давно потрескался и рушится, все финансовая система, которую насоздавали Американцы с Западной Европой оказалась несостоятельной и нерабочей. Нерабочая она по очевидной причине, вся их система заключается в периферийном капитализме и ядре (т.н. золотой миллиард). Ядро живет за счет периферийного капитализма. Однако сейчас периферийные страны пытаются из этого вырваться. В частности Китай рвется вперед и не собирается играть по этим правилам. Поэтому, какой смысл пытаться обеспечить себе место в доме, который скоро рухнет? Правильно абсолютно никакого.

Времени у нас крайне мало и без альтернативной модели развития дело швах. Положение ухудшило то, что мы, по сути, просрали КПРФ. Ну, если точнее КПРФ просрали сами себя не понятно, зачем-то снюхавшись с оранжистами. Что характерно похожее было на Украине когда на Майдане к оранжоидам примкнули Симоненко (лидер коммунистической партии Украины) и Мороз (лидер социалистической партии Украины) то есть Симоненко и Мороз это аналоги наших Зюганова и Миронова. У нас все произошло точно так же один в один, за тем лишь исключением, что у нас благодаря усилиям многих людей (в т.ч. и людей с Украины) это провалилось. Меня лично просто поражает, с какой легкостью коммунисты и Украины, и России вот так легко повелись как лохи на эту оранжевую обманку. Ну, ведь очевидно же что толку от консолидации с либералами никакого. Они что действительно думают, что если они общими усилиями скинут режим, то они потом смогут отпихнуть либералов? Ну и как? На Украине Симоненко с Морозом смогли это сделать? Нет, не смогли, к власти пришел плешивый мудак Ющенко однако опять таки повезло и в итоге они все же проиграли следующие выборы и закрепиться так и не смогли. Все могло быть гораздо хуже.

Вообщем КПРФ и Зю себя окончательно похоронили, предав всю идею. Дальше двигаться придется без них. Может КПРФ, конечно все же сможет реструктуризироваться но вот политическая карьера Зюганова по сути закончилась, и сейчас он будет досиживать в думе последние года..

Так куда нам идти? Что нам делать? 

Недавно сидел в кафешке с друзьями, если точнее это итальянская пиццерия. Сидим мы за столом, подходит официантка.

- что желаете?

- русскую национальную идею мы желаем - шутливо отвечает один из моих друзей

- в итальянском ресторане русскую национальную идею? - совершенно не смутившись отвечает официантка

- да нам хотя бы итальянскую, чтобы хоть направление задать, а там уж разберемся, как для нас будет лучше - говорю я

Мы, конечно, шутили, однако в каждой шутке есть доля правды. К чему я это вспомнил? Да к тому, что национальную идею и курс страны не надо выдрачивать из ничего. Нужно брать свой опыт, анализировать его, улучшать и идти с ним вперед. Была ли у нас национальная идея? Конечно, была, например вот Иван III, когда пришел к власти сказал знаменитую фразу ''Москва - Третий Рим''. Ну, вот мы и пошли тогда вперед и стали строить свою империю, будучи наследниками Византии. Мы стали народом с миссией. Однако правление династии Романовых во многом притормозил наше мессианство, и в стране все время были подозрения, что Романовы несколько отклонились от реального смысла нашего существования, наша империя стала качаться из стороны в сторону, глядя то на Запад, то на свое реальное предназначение. Неслучайно в XIX среди русских умов было активное противостояние между западниками и славянофилами.

Поразительным образом большевики, взяв за основу Маркса, умудрились вернуть это ощущение. Мы создали свою альтернативу и вновь обрели миссию, и мы шли по ней, мы верили в нее и гордились ей. Так что же предлагается сейчас? Предлагается взять наш опыт, из всех стран опыт альтернативы есть только у нас. И мы уже сейчас можем, взяв за основу советский опыт, построить новый курс развития, курс альтернативный загнивающему пост-модерну. Наш народ, который после развала СССР спал, причем периодически он проявлял лунатизм. Этот лунатик вставал и имитировал буржуазный образ жизни, но выглядело это всегда карикатурно ведь не наше это. Сейчас народ уже реально просыпается, в частности подросла новая молодежь, которая поняла, что у них украли национальную идею и амбиции в обмен на джинсы и кока-колу. То, что народ просыпается не удивительно, он всегда просыпается, потому как поскреби любого русского и найдешь там державника, который мечтает идти к высоким идеям. Эта державность и мессианство внутри него, вся эта западная имитация лишь обертка в которую некоторые русские заворачиваются и дрыхнут, но стоит им проснуться, как оболочка рвется. И вот она начинает рваться уже сейчас.

Конечно, нам предстоит огромная работа, и времени как я уже сказал выше у нас нет. С юго-востока растет громадная лавина - Китай, с юга при активной поддержке США начинает подниматься радикальная арабская дуга, ну а с Запада у нас НАТО. То самое НАТО которое любит весь мир, причем так любит что постоянно кого то бомбит. Видимо чем больше бомбит, тем больше любит. Таким образом, мы между этих трех плит. Если мы в ближайшее время не разберемся со своим проектом и альтернативной идеей, не консолидируем вокруг себя пост-советские страны и не предложим миру альтернативную модель развития, эти плиты сойдутся между собой и раздавать нас как скорлупу. Я не говорю что мы в кольце врагов нет, нам там далеко не все враги, но эти плиты сойдутся в противостоянии между собой и если мы к этому не будем готовы нас в этой мясорубке просто раздавят. В старом и разрушающемся глобальном буржуазном доме для нас квартирки нет. Нам срочно нужно строить свой дом. Мы это делать умеем. И все кто изъявят желание иметь квартирки по соседству с нами в этом новом доме, который мы построим, конечно же приветствуются.

Многие думают, что холодная война окончена, однако она не окончена, что произошло после распада СССР? Начали старательно пытаться расчленить Россию. Проецируя ситуацию на пример боксерского поединка, мы получили нокдаун, и вот лежим мы на ринге, а судья считает до десяти. У нас есть возможность встать и продолжать, однако мы валялись на ринге и думали, что все кончилось, а судья между тем продолжал отчет мы не понимали что когда судья досчитает до десяти, вот тогда мы действительно проиграем, а пока он не досчитал бой идет. Сейчас народ это понял, и вот боксер начинает привставать. Первый этап выигран хоть и с потерями (КПРФ), но все же это победа. Дальше будет труднее, но вставать надо, главное без соплежуйства и нытья. Тем более времени до того как судья досчитает до 10 осталось совсем немного.

Soviet Industrialization

Today we are talking about the Soviet industrialization, whether it was effective? Whether it was necessary? Whether such quick industrialization caused seriour troblems to the peasantry? Well let's see:

Since 1905 until 1918 Russia had 3 revolutions in a row, was one of the major participant in WW I and then it had the most cruel civil war. In 20s USSR had 3% (three) of the working class, for comparison Germany in 1907 had 20%. The number of the Russian universities was shamely low - 63 (sixty three). Sixty three universities for 180 million country. The number of students in 1914 was 71 000.

The list of the Russian universities in 1914 and the number of students assigned:

Multi-disciplinary universities 10 (35 695 students)
Jurisprudence - 4 (1036 students)
Oriental - 3 (270 students)
Medicine - 2 (2592 students)
Pedagogics - 4 (894 students)
Military and Naval - 8 (894 students)
Theological - 6 (1185 students)
Engineering and industrial - 15 (23329 students)
Agricultural- 6 (3307 students)
Veterinary - 4 (1729 students)
Art - 1 (260 students)

Technological advancement under the Tsarist era (mainly in the second half of the 19th century) was extremly low comparing to the West, it started to gradually descent on the eve of the Crimean War and continued after, i.e the. Russian retardation regarding industrial power from the Western countries was almost 100 years. The developing of the Russian Empire was very poor, since 1897 to 1917 the number of workers increased from 2.1 million to 3.7 million. Thus, taking the proportions of growing of the Russian and German populaton it's easy to count that Russia would need to at least 500 years in order to hit the German figures if it continued to ''grow'' with the same speed. Followers of the baloney ''Russia which we have lost in 1917'' never can answer the question of how we supposed to win Nazi Germany wich such greatest ''achievements''? With wooden tanks and paper aircrafts?

So now imagine, you have a country, 97% of its population are peasants with hoes wearing bast shoes, out of them more than 80% are illiterate, they can't even read and write. You need to eliminate 100 years gap in 10 years and face the best army in the world after. Yes German army was the best army in those times, with best tanks, with best planes and the most expirienced troops. This best army had behind them almost all Europe, the Soviet population was 2 times lower than Europe and 30% of the Soviet population was occupied in first 3-4 months of the war.

And of course nobody says that Stalin's industrialization was perfect or something, it was very speeded up and hastle. However there was no other choice, Russian monarchy did nothing when the Western countries were industrializing, as a result tens of years of retardation. Well I probably go a bit far saying that they did nothing, yes, they did something of course. But comparing to what the West did through the same time frameworks, it's a drop in the ocean and in general Tsarist government since the Crimean War was essentially inept and less respnosible.

The history showed that without this hyper fast industrialization, USSR would loose to Germany, so Stalin had 2 choices, either to make in 10 years what normally countries should do in 80-150 years in other words eliminate 100 years gap in 10 years, or simply loose ending up with a dismal failure. In the best case of this failure, current Russia would be somewhere behind the Ural mountains and I'd probably not even talk to you right now here.

You think Stalin knew that there will be a war?

No of course he didn't, USSR didn't have any intelligence and these times were not in turmoil and full of tensions. Stalin never had reports on his table from NKVD agents, the whole party apparatus since the beginning and up to the 1941 was in a lethargic dream. And in fact not a single country knew it, the world was profoundly imbued with love and benevolence.

In 1941 when the Soviet industry was evacuated behind the Ural, it quickly started to work. How do you think why? In the fancies of idiots of course they start to work if you simply toss the machinery and engineering tools into the snow out of the train cars, and voila you have the industry. But normal people know that in order to make them work you need to build foundation, substructure, communication facilities, electricity supply, water pumps and many other things. Can you build it fast? No you can't, but how the industry started to work so quickly after evacuation? Any guesses? Right, because everything was prepaired in advance.

Now the million question: why the heck stupid bolsheviks prepaired it there? For fun? According to the common sense they did prepair, because they clearly knew that the war is inevitable. Idiots will continue to highlight their rank of idiots and claim that it is a pure coincidence.

Liberal auditorium doesn't want to to face the fact that the fittest survives, the weakest quickly ceases to exist, and this rule particulary was in force during the 20s 30s and 40s.

So in the frames of those times such industrialization does not sound like reckless. It was normal for that period, and he who thinks that if Stalin would took a power in Russia now, would use the same approaches as in 30s is either mentally sick and need an urgent brain examination, or simply lies on purpose pursuing some propagandistic aims.

Who bit the apple?

      Their shops spread across the world, the internal decoration of these shops reminds temples, the temples with unavailable for a mere mortal ''altar'', with visual symbols for worshipping, with noisy crowds of sanctified zealots. The staff of the shops - from the simple salesmen to the top-managers bears a resemblance to ministers of religion, with joyful excitement they ready to share with you the secrets of knowledge of happiness. The goods they release are usually the subjects of religious idolatry for millions of people on the planet. It drives them into mass ecstasies, at first days after the opening of the new shops or new release of a product, the information about it promptly spreads among the parishioners, and it turns into the shapes of universal holiday.

      Who I am talking about? Maybe about Apple, or maybe about McDonalds? Or possibly about Adidas? Ferrari? Procter and Gamble? World of Warcraft? In the modern world, all global manufacturers aimed on the satisfaction of the people's needs, bearing a resemblance to churches, or even to sects (though I see no major difference between churches and sects). The difference of the bestselling computer brand Apple is enormous, because not only its production gained popularity on the planet, but the owner of this brand personally got this famous too. His name is Steve Jobs.

      Does he deserved this popularity? Yes he deserved it. Talented.. not an inventor or a programmer, but an organiser who throughout tens of years gathered his team for the known objectives. He's a genial promoter who precisely knew how to hit the bull's eye in the people's needs and how to ''charge'' the people making them tremble during their expectations. The same person is Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft - a friend and competitor of Steve Jobs.

      But still, why these two ''computer genius'' famous everywhere we go on the planet Earth, yet almost no one knows surnames of the directors of famous corporations which produce material goods like cars, clothing, food? Why among the global business tycoons the two most popular figures are creators of the ''virtual universe'' which absorbed perception and life times of billions of Earthmen?

      Possibly it's because Apple and Microsoft are ideal examples of a stunted growth, or it would be more correct to say they are examples of a ''zero-growth'' and ''ceased development'' the process of ceased development has began to strengthen in the end of XX century. Created in the bosoms of globalization the general idea of it implies re-orientation of the science from the crucial ways of its development like researching the nuclear fusion, secrets of deceases and death, space development, creation of the teachings about the social harmony etc, on the narrow tracks of ''development of the information-oriented society''. 

      This great substitution was supported by the ruling elites and tycoons of the global business, because it opened a whale of opportunity for manipulation of the society's consciousness. The informational technologies are the basis of the ''technocratic totalitarism'' in the best traditions of the mottos like ''Big Brother watches you!'', which allows the governments of the countries to control their own citizens. And mainly on these technologies was built the society of consumption, which gives the greatest profits to the transnational corporations.

      But the worst thing is that this decoy was taken by people. Got tired of thousand years working, building the planet and disapointed by the science, feared by the world wars and nuclear weapon people ran away from the real world to their virtual reality, getting perverse satisfaction from the degradated artificial world.  Instead of dealing with the most important and really significant questions of existence, people started to build their imaginative air castles.

      Instead of building the truth and real relations with living matter - society, nature, challenging threats - people turned into persons who with self-admiration create their alter ego on the hard disk drives in the computer networks. And such questions like ''to be or not to be?'' as not wanted were put aside, the only question now is where to get some extra RAM, new hard disk, bigger screen, smarter notebook or to download some ''useful'' program.

      Gradually the virtual world absorbed even the ''Big Brother'' and ''consumption society''. With the wide spread of social networks, authorities don't even need to keep expensive counter-intelligence: people are on their own, from the bottom of their heart, publicly share all the information about their secrets, their personal life, their dreams, their plans. As for the consumption boom which thanks to the computers transformed from the shop counters into the financial sphere, interfered the market of derivatives and inflated the bubbles of loans and futures.

      Now the bubbles are blowing, turning into the bankruptcy entire countries. But people don't give a fuck. Potential space travelers, universe discoverers, settlers of new colonies on the planets of the solar system or beyond it turned into the players with phones. A lot of scientists care only about how to upgrade their computer, giving a hope medics are currently beyond this universe, instead of creating cures against new deceases they concerned only in how to break through the crowd of the people in the day of ''new sells''.

      And the world tops in the society of consumers have taken by ''computer Empires''. They manage to sell people not just ''commodity'', but ''fake commodity'', virtual code of the program, new setting in the eternal architecture of chips, cards, codes, online-subscribes. On this trade fair of fake goods, Apple went far than others, it managed to turn into the bestseller a naked brand, which has nothing behind it, nothing except human vainglory and unquenchable thirst of get the bitten apple.

      Of course I feel sorry for passed away Steve Jobs, as well as I fell sorry for every passed away person. But does his ingenuity fits with the current world? With the dark times where the world sinks into. Unfortunately, we will never find this answer in the core of the new iPhone.

War never changes or why the Russians never smile

A lot of foreign researchers who tried to delve in the ''deep and enigmatic Russian soul'' with a certain astonishment tell their comlanders about Russain dislike for smiles, about Russian saying ''laugh without a reason is the sign of foolishness''. In the moments when every non-Russian can find a whole bunch of reasons why he should smile - the sun, fresh air, stars, wind, rain, women, men, life, the universe and everything after all, Russians for some reason don't think that such wonderful things are worth of giving them a smile. These Russians are so strange, so ''off-traditional'' say foreigners. 

The conclusions of these reseraches about such trifling at first glance observation are very broad and quite global, starting with the ''malicious temper'', ''harsh climate'' and ending with the ''thousand years traditions of Tsarism, Serfage, Communism and Putinism''. 

However an explanation of this phenomen is less complexed and much easier than the assumptions of the foreign researchers. At the same time such explanation is quite difficult to take emotionally.

The reality of a Russian imbued by the air, wind, sun and women the same as the reality of a French for instance. Everything enumerated above presents at the Russian life as well.

But it is all just a thin shell, haze, mirage. And from this shroud of smoke, which everyone except Russians take as a reality,  the main character of our history gazes us eye-to-eye, and under his breath the thin shell flutters like a flag in the wind, it turns frost, and become charred in some places. 

All our time we live with the unique ability to sense this gaze, we feel it. Through our life we carry this sometimes not noticable at first sight truth: War is always near.

Due to the specific peculiarity of our war history filled with many tragedies and the victim scales which European countries have never seen in their worst nightmares, every Russian knows about war since his birth, he keeps it all in his memory, that's what makes an average Russian different from the average European fellow.

In the second millenium, Russia was virtually a defensive fortress: since 1055 unti 1462 year historians estimated that it was commited more than 245 invasions of Russia and external skimrishes, since 1240 until 1462 - not a signle year was without a war. Out of 537 years passed since Kulikov's battle (1380) until the First World War (1914) Russia spent 334 years in the battles. During that times Russia had to deal on its own with several anti-Russian coalitions; one of such wars was against 9 countries, two - against 5 countries, twenty five - against 3 countries and thirty seven wars against 2 countries. Vast majority of the Russian wars was defensive. 

War is always near, that's actually why we have the joke ''what if the war comes and I'm tired?'' - we laugh on it, jokingly thinking that a little boy who just said it, actually found a great pretext to not make his homework. 

War is always near, that's the reason why on the 1st of September, the first lesson of our children who enter the first grade at school is not mathematics, nor literature. It is - The Lesson of Piece. We all went on this lesson at first school day in our life. 

War is always close, and not only in our past. It is always near, it's near even when it is in the remote Libya. We painfully take this war because we understand, we feel that it is related with us. This singal wherever it was sent, it is a signal to us. 

It is in our country the most popular book is ''If war comes tommorow''. 

When Russian watches this world he always see this menacing figure behind the half-transparent curtain, and he always knows, that in every moment, in every minute, in every second this figure can make a swift step forward and pull back this curtain. 

If our Euroean brothers could see what we see, they would have the same expressions on their faces as we do.

But non-smiling Russians do not start wars. It is Cheerful and joyous Europeans who start them, whereas sullen non-smiling Russians finnish these wars.

Usually in the European capitals, whether it is Berlin 1945 or Paris 1813 it doesn't matter. 

And only in the moments when war is over, Russians become cheerful and happy.

Not for long.

Because war is always near.

About pacts

Westerners particulary Latvia, Estonia, Poland, France and UK like to remember Molotov-Ribbentrop pact sometimes even trying to pin the guilt of Nazi Germany on the USSR. However, like it always was they prefer to keep silence about exactly the same pacs which they concluded with Nazi Germany long before the USSR did it. It is always unpleasant for them to recall it but you can't dodge the historical facts, likewise it's impossible to escape from the truth. Of course they try to claim that these pacts were not the same thing, and of course they try to hint that democratic pacts are a far cry from communist pacts. But unfortunately for them that doesn't sound earnestly. And we can't omit the fact that the USSR was actually the last country who made exactly the same agreement having basically no choice after others simply decided to step away and not hinder Nazis to pursue their goals, but that's not actually that important. The important thing is that Molotov-Ribbentrop pact wasn't something special, it wasn't some kind of a travesty or a treacherous move. It was an ordinary agreement of that time, when everyone was concluding such treaties, and futile attempts of the West to convey it as something unusual, something that even cound spark the whole world war sound ridiculously dubious or it would be more correct to say, simply delirious. They have to face it and admit that in this time all countries had pacts with each other, including with Nazi Germany, and bringing Molotov-Ribbentrop into the focal point of the historical research yet avoiding the discussion of the same pacts of the other countries is purely political move which has nothing to do with real scientific analizying. 

1934 - German-Polish Non-Agression pact, signed on January 26

1938 - Munich Agreement, signed on September 29

1939 - German-Latvian/German-Estonian  Non-Agression pact, signed on June 7

1939 - German-Soviet Non-Agression pact, signed on August 23

And why beholdest thou the mote that is in thy brother's eye, but considerest not the beam that is in thine own eye.

The Bible, New Testament

 (Matthew 7:3)